4 observations and some suggestions on the learning of English in Thailand

After teaching Business English Conversation, I realised that several factors limit Thais from learning and using English. These are MY observations, and more research is needed but there are similarities with others and the wider science.

Cultural Fierce patriotism is reflected in many aspects of life, including language where “Thainess” and “we are Thai” are repeated regularly. This patriotism clouds the need for functionality and the benefits of using English regularly. For example, an Emirati is ranked more patriotic than Thai but still uses English at work in the Emirates. There is a separation of love of country and work requirements.

Few companies are taking charge and challenging the norms even though they may be subsidiaries of international firms. The workers know the need for English at work but the unwillingness to use the language persists regularly.

Educational Thais are not taught to learn and use what they learn. The research exists on this. Thus, conflict occurs when exposed to something like English that requires regular usage to understand and command. Many students are taught to pass an exam; therefore, even students with high TOEFL and IELTS results struggle in conversations that require explaining moderately complex ideas.

Also, due to the educational system that limits critical thinking and deep analysis of a subject, many Thais do not have substantive conversations. Gossips, rumours and casual exchanges occur but rarely anything like reasoning what one sees oneself doing in three or five years. Even book reviews are not common. Reading and meaningful conversation exist in a few circles but not in the wider sphere.

Social Saving face is absolute. It is not acceptable to challenge or expose too much of oneself or family; thus, answers tend to be just that, answers. “An” answer takes precedence over “The” answer. Hence when asked, “why not speak English with your classmates?”, the reply is usually, “we are Thai”. An answer, not the answer. In English, one is taught to use words from the questions in the response; thus, one would expect an answer that includes, “I do not speak English with my classmates because…..”. There is ownership and reference to the direct point of the question. We are Thai, say nothing of ownership or address the point of the conversation.

Another common issue is not wanting to appear as showing off in class; I can speak English. This wanting to fit in and appear to be one of the group has caused several students (including mine) to lose their English abilities by attending university in Thailand. Social pressure results in not improving and using what is presented but fitting in, with usually the lowest common denominator being the level.

Language In English, the level of details required when talking appears to be much higher than in Thai. This is because gaps are exposed much easier and there is usually a demand for clarity. In Thai, partially due to the reasons above, there is less detail required. Hence in an English sentence, who did what, how and why (Subject, Verb, Object/predicate) is expected. In Thai, that expectation is generally not there. In addition, deeper expectations require a different set of words and sentence-style in Thai, requiring more effort. Thus, conversations tend to be casual, where the impact is limited.

The expressions are inadequate even in business, where the potential impact is great. Hence, Thai business competitiveness internationally tends to get mixed reviews. Looking at language closer, we can see how instructions are given and understood at work. The more detailed and precise the instructions, the more likely the employee would carry out the plans, improving efficiency. The less clear the instructions, the more likely mistakes or unintended results. In business, clarity of vision, instructions and purpose is crucial to have everyone working towards the same goal.

Just as in Thai, extensive and intensive reading of Thai language media is not encouraged. So, the understanding language of dynamics is not there. There is potentially more such as the use of punctuations for emphasis and meaning. Thus, the Thai with a restricted command of Thai would have problems learning and using a new language containing many details in sentences.

The above observations got me thinking about teaching English with the obstacles. I empathize with the language tutoring sector, seeing teaching as a money-making cauldron. Unfortunately, there are no easy solutions. Using patriotism and patriarchy, leaders of businesses and ministries (and social influencers) need to be actively involved in changing Thais’ mindset. Until there is action from prominent points in society, the lumbering pace of change will continue. Thais listen and follow their leaders. Thus perhaps the way to improve Thailand’s English language proficiency is not with teaching but instructing.